My Year!

This year in history, has been pretty exciting! we have watched a few movies and done a lot of tests. we recently watched the movie Thirteen Days and learned about kennedy and their "fight" against Cuba, which was luckily solved! it was actually really interesting to see how people in the White House figured out how to work together and solve many problems. I have learned a lot this year by watching a few movies. watching Ten Years a Slave helped me understand the difficult times when slavery existed, watching Smoke Signal helped me understand the tough times that many indians have and what people would think of them. US History was exciting and i loved being with the people in it, even if patrick talked a little too much!

Letter to the Future

Dear Future Human,

I am here to tell you about our findings on the science of climate! We have discovered that climate is a lot more complicated than you think. The causes, effects, evidence, and questions about climate change, and the science of climate will hopefully help you all figure out a way to maintain Earth and it’s climate issues.

Hopefully by your time, you will still have internet around to look up all the cool facts about climate. On the web climate was defined (1) to be “the average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind, velocity, and precipitation.” The weather can be an unusual, crazy thing. In some parts of the United States, it's green grass and clear skies but sadly in other parts its cloudy skies and cluttered floors. Not many people really know what to expect from it, except meteorologist.

Meteorologist (2) study the weather their whole life. They are able to pretty much predict the future, just like how we are predicting that you will still have some of these difficult changes. When meteorologist predict the future it is usually an educated guess with many tools to help. Thermometers, barometers, and anemometers help measure the temperature, air pressure, and wind speed. Weather balloons are also a huge part of their predictions. A weather balloon is a special balloon that carries an radiosonde, which measures the atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. It is able to let us know if their are going to be unusual changes in today's weather. Satellites and radars are also used to observe cloud patterns and to measure precipitation! The weather (3) these days is super chaotic, one day it'll be raining and cold, then the next it will be up in the 80’s and so sunny that it’ll make you sweat. Luckily when meteorologist discuss all of the changes they are able to figure out if the weather has repeated. In the United States today over 210 million observations per day are recorded into computers that are used for forecasting! Hey, future human, If you ever want to become an meteorologist use your sixth sense, if you've seen the repetition before then you could possibly know what is going on!

You might be confused on exactly why we are telling you about weather, but you see the weather over the past couple decades has been changing at a rapid pace. During my research i found a great source called EPA (4), it gave me multiple questions and answers that were really helpful to my research. From 2000-2010 was the warmest years on record, 2005 and 2010 tied as the hottest years around. During that time the risk of severe rainstorms, and severe heat waves escalated causing snowballs to melt more rapidly and sewers to fill up. Throughout the years oceans and glaciers have experienced many harsh changes. Oceans (5) are warming which can cause it to be more acidic and the ice caps are melting while sea levels are rising. The rising temperatures have increased the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, oceans absorb this gas more frequently causing the risk of the coastal and marine ecosystem to become more acidic. I really hope that by the time you read this you will still have a beautiful ocean to swim in. If the sea level reaches a maximum it is able to cause coastal flooding for millions to hundred millions of people around the world. I really hope this won't happen in a few generations because i do not want to be writing to a ghost right now. The rising sea levels will cause coastal storms and more frequent and destructive than ever.

If the temperature changes by only one or two degrees (6) it can cause a drastic amount of chaos. 5-15% of reductions in the yields of crops, 3-10% of increased rain during the heaviest precipitation also counting an increase in floods, 5-10% decrease in streamflow in many river basins, and worst of all 200-400% increase in an area burned by wildfire. The world we live in today does not have the ability to control what's happening. The average temperature over the last 100 years has increased by more than 1.4 degrees, i have no idea what is to come in a few decades but i hope that scientist will figure out a way to save the lives of many!

In simplest form the climate change can affect (7) our lives. By 2100 our planet is supposed to increase the warmth by 1.8-7.1 ℃, it is critical that we somehow help these changes. Winter arrives in more intense burst, plants and animal feel the onset of spring and summer 4 days earlier, heatwaves, floods, droughts, and wildfires are expanding. Our health is the most important part of it all, there needs to be some life on earth, especially if i want to get this letter to you! Many scientist think that it is the human's fault (8) for the cause of this climate change, and i agree. Our world is the most polluted it's ever been, city lights, cigarettes, trash everywhere are only a few ways that it has affected the world. By your time i hope that people still exist and that scientist have figured out a way to change the acidic ocean and the weather is back to normal. But if not i have hopefully warned you enough and have told you the science of it all! Be safe and if the climate change is still upon you, dont freak out, we have scientist to do that!

1. Defined climate on Dictionary.com. "Dictionary.com is the world's leading digital dictionary. We provide millions of English definitions, spellings, audio pronunciations, example sentences, and word origins."

2. Student ask: How do meteorologist predict the future by: Chrissy Warrilow. "Georgia Public Broadcasting is required to house public file information for our television stations on the Federal Communications Commission website."

3. How do Meteorologist make your forecast: "AccuWeather provides hourly and Minute by Minute™ forecasts with Superior Accuracy™ for any longitude/latitude on Earth, with customized content and engaging video presentations available on smart phones, tablets, free wired and mobile Internet sites, connected TVs, and Internet appliances, as well as via radio, television, and newspapers."

4. Climate Change in Indicators in the United States: "The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a government run agency designed to protect human health and the environment."

5. Climate Education: "The Climate Institute has been in a unique position to inform key decision-makers, heighten international awareness of climate change, and identify practical ways of achieving significant emissions reductions."Forbes Media is a global media, branding and technology company, with a focus on news and information about business, investing, technology, entrepreneurship, leadership and affluent lifestyles"

6. Future Climate Change; How can a change of one or two degrees in global average temperature, have an impact on our lives: "The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a government run agency designed to protect human health and the environment."

7. The CCC stands for Committee on Climate Change: "The Committee on Climate Change (the CCC) is an independent, statutory body established under the Climate Change Act 2008. Our purpose is to advise the UK Government and Devolved Administrations on emissions targets and report to Parliament on progress made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for climate change."


8. The latest meteorologist survey destroys the global warming climate consensus by: James Taylor. "senior fellow for environment policy at the Heartland Institute and managing editor of Environment & Climate News" "

focus topic

i wanna focus on the climate science, i feel like it would interest me a lot because its like a guessing game/ background information. it is cool to look at the differences of the world and its problems while also figuring out how it has affected the past.

climate

sunny
Mexico beach
rainy
humid
desert

i picked these words because they all correspond with what i think of when i hear the word climate. i feel like climate is like a certain temperature or area that can relate with coldness or hotness. These words all describe a place thats temperature is really distinct.

who is in charge?

Dam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam
http://zidbits.com/2013/05/how-long-will-the-hoover-dam-last/

Hoover dam-Boulder Dam
in black canyon of the colorado river
provides power for public and private utilities Nevada, Arizona, California
named after President Hoover
1931-1936 time it took to build
 In 2011, president Obama signed a bill extending supply till 2067
set aside 5% of its power for native american tribes and electric cooperative
53.5% of its total output goes to California, with 15.4% of that number going to Los Angeles alone. Arizona uses 18.9% while 23.3% is allocated to Nevada
supposed to last 10,000 years at least 
many pieces of art are around the dam
112 deaths with construction
six companies- joint construction teams (Pacific Bridge Company of Portland, Oregon; Henry J. Kaiser & W. A. Bechtel Company)


Background:
potential source of irrigation water
used dynamite to help collapse rocks around-idea was denied

Readings about the 1930's

Read about the Great Depression (Links to an external site.).  According to this article, what was wrong with President Hoover's response?  Why did people blame themselves when things went wrong, and how valid or invalid was this response?

President hoover responded as if it "a passing incident in our national live" and that it would be over in 60 days. Men were usually harder on themselves than women were, men were supposed to provide for their families and they thought it was humiliating to ask for help, while women working was increased slightly. It was a valid response for the men to respond like this because they were supposed to be the role in the family. President Hoover said that it was not the governments fault. 

Read about Black Sunday

 (Links to an external site.). How would you have felt if you'd been there on that day? What kinds of fears, concerns, or questions would be going through your mind during, and after, the event described?

if i was in the situation i would have been terrified of my life. the questions going through my head would be Am i going to survive this? Am i safe? Is my family okay? If i was trapped here the rest of my life would i have enough stuff to survive? 

Read about The Drought (Links to an external site.).  What areas were affected by it?  What caused it.  The author ends this article with a pithy quote.  Do you agree or disagree with this historian's perspective? Why or why not?

Eastern Part then moved towards the west. the combination of drought and misuse of the land is was caused the Dust, the land was originally covered with grass and fine soil but farmers came and misused the area and "overgrazing cattle and sheep herds stripped the plains of their cover." i agree with parts of the quote i agree where he talks about disregard of nature's limits and uncertainties, but when he gets to the whole uncritical faith part and devotion to self-aggrandizement that has nothing to do with a storm hitting their town but with the people. but he also seems like he's blaming it all on the people who worked really hard and probably had know idea that this was going to happen.

Read about Mass Exodus from the Plains (Links to an external site.).  Were does the migration of people out of the Dust Bowl rank in terms of other migrations in US History?  What made life hard for people once they arrived in California?

the migration of the Dust Bowl was the largest migration in American History. 2.5 million people had moved out by 1940 and 200,000 of them moved to California. California people didn't accept the people from the western states as friendly as they hoped. farmers gave up farming when they heard that many farms in California were tied up with large corporate farms. they built their houses from scavenged scraps and they lived without plumbing and electricity. Typhoid, malaria, smallpox, and tuberculosis spread. over the years life got better but they were still called "okies" and "arkies". 

radio entertainment 1930's

1930's radio entertainment included comedians such as jack benny and fred allen, soap operas that people could sympathize with and the love. radios were also a source of inspiration with heroes like the lone ranger. on wednesdays night when people would tune into 'One Mans Family' the host would greet the listeners with "dedicated to the mother and fathers of the younger generation and to their bewildering offspring" giving off a inspirational vibe to cheer up the listeners. News broadcasting was also a huge role in entertainment to get caught up with the current affairs. The radio would broadcast many different children shows such as little orphan annie giving the children shows business and the children wanting more. throughout the 1930's music was widely popular and was played throughout every station in many different genres. most people enjoyed to listen to the entertainment on radios because it was free!

Self Expression

I believe the most important points of the 1920’s were Al Capone, the KKK, bible vs. science, young artist, and schools and colleges improving. Each topic can be related by self expression. The definition of self expression is the expression of one’s feelings, thoughts or ideas. Death being a feeling, religion vs. science being a thought, and artist and colleges being an idea. All improving the way life was to how it is now!

Al Capone and the KKK killed many people, in order to protect their definition of what was right which seemed to be illegal alcohol for Capone and believing in different things than others for the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan considered people guilty of irreligion, drunkenness, and sexual promiscuity as a subject of impureness and just another way to beat someone up, while Al Capone decided that having an army of 1,000 gunmen to protect alcohol was right. It was expressed as a feeling of hatred and importance to their social standards. Nowadays freedom of religion and the sale of alcohol is not something to be killed over!

            In the 21st century being a major role in our world is religion, exactly freedom of religion. But back in the 20th century a group of fundamentalists decided to spread around the world that science was outrageous and the bible should be interpreted literally, opposing to Charles Darwin who figured out the evolution theory. The fundamentalist wanted everyone to believe that they were all created by god and not evolved from monkeys. It wasn’t until William Bryan was put on the stand that the modernist achieved the victory that not all religious truths could be interpreted in one way. Expressing their situation as a thought that could not be tied down to one answer. This helps with the approval that any religion can be practiced today.

In the 1920’s schools and colleges were just starting to be viewed as a place of interest, a place that wasn’t only for academics but for going out of the box, and getting into clubs, fraternities, sororities, and even athletics. It had encouraged people to get better jobs and defined themselves more in terms of their peer group than their families. It was a way to express their life with higher expatiations. In today’s world the importance of school and education has not changed, it has just improved. More jobs, more athletics, and a lot more people attending colleges.

100 years ago we would have not been able to express our rights in the way we had wanted to do. Whether it being from death to education to religion vs. science the country that was is very different from now!

Book Reviews

The Klan, written by Evan Lake, really helped me understand how the Klan was formed.  i really liked the points in between of the conversation between jimmy and his mother and how his Klan had turned from something great into something crazy and full of drama. the drawings in the book helped me understand how the Klan treated people even if some of the images were very vivid. this story was a funny and interesting book and i think there should be a second one!

Wow, my first day of high school was such an interesting story. the way it was written in such excitement really made me interested. i loved the way the writer, abby schmidt, described how she thought these kids would act, compared to the way they really acted all sassy and carefree. I really enjoyed reading this story and i hope other people agree with me. the Slang in this book helped me understand even more about what was said.

My little strange book!

My story is about this girl named Briton who founded the Time magazine and talk about the different types of articles that were introduced during the time advertising was really important. Her enthusiasm and social skills between different types of events happening is really cool to look at!

WW1 propaganda posters

1. I have no idea what propaganda means, i have heard of it but never really took the time to figure out the meaning

2. Propaganda is defined as the information, ideas or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, movement, institution, nation, or more

3.  Image of Ads
Image 1: i notice immediately the children hanging onto their mother while a bunch of pots and pans are surrounding them, my eye was drawn to the mother who looked like she was reaching towards something in the distance. this image was drawn with very dull colors almost as if to show how sad it is the caption seems to have nothing to do with the picture "buy more liberty bonds" as if children are going to show that message. i feel like the author is trying to show sadness throughout the image, the babies being held onto while not enough attention is on them is very sad to look at.

Image 2: i notice a woman wearing the american flag while grasping onto a pole or some cross in the middle of the ocean. the image seems to be protesting about a persons life, but again the image does not seem to go with what the caption is saying. it is obvious that the woman is pointing to the other side when it says "over there" and down to the lower caption for every cent you can spare" with an sad emotionless expression. the author tried to show pity the face on the girl wearing the flag is representing the face of what should i do, i have no idea look.

Image 3: Right away you can tell that it is a soldier that seems to be hurt maybe in battle, it is an ad for liberty bonds saying that it is our duty to do something since he did something for us. it is a drawing of this man laying down with his gun while  bomb seems to be going off in the background. the coloring is dull as if it is showing that without liberty bonds it is a dull life, and nothing else can go on until YOU do something about it.the author wants us to feel sad for this soldier that has just died and for us to do something about it.

Image 4: It stands out to me right away that the stature of liberty is being shown while it looks like a bunch of people are on some cruise, with all of their stuff laying right by them. the caption on this photo is talking about how good life is and to improve it even more you gotta pay for liberty bonds. the image being shown is very vibrant in colors and is showing the great state of New York. the factories being shown could mean that there are jobs welcome and if you pay for bonds it is possible you will have a job. this author wanted us to be happy and to show that there is more to life then moving.

The target in all of these images is us the readers that have read the Ad, you can tell because mostly every caption describes that it is our duty talking to the readers of the ad.

I am not very comfortable with the idea of spending tax dollars on creating a campaign, because the money we give off shouldnt be wasted towards something that not everyone agrees with.

I think the federal government felt it was necessary to produce a propaganda towards posters, because they wanted to get the word around about things america needs to do to improve.

key to multiple choice

A
A
D

thesis of progressive era

We took all the groups main topics that they created of progressivism, and made it into one thesis statement.

Thesis:
The progressive era was an era of time that led people to create new expectations, solve problems, improve society, and protect adults/children of safety and health. These are the main topics of progressivism that improved peoples lives, and helped them with the idea of soceity

multiple choice progressivism

What is progressivism?

a  . Era of change

b .a revolution towards change

c .the progress of life involving an drastic change

d . modernism

What year was the progressive era?

a . 1890-1920

b . 1875-1890

c . 1800-1820

d . 1780-1840
e. 1900-1940

Goals of progressivism EXCEPT?

a  . social reform

b . wealth

c . technology/ science
d. improvements in military
e. Health

Living Essays about Progressivism

Abby, Faiza: Prohibition, Coke vs. Hard drinks, Mother Jones

Introduction:

During the Progressive Era, the public cared about the well being of the society. The public wanted to move forward in different areas such as health and personal safety to improve the human body. Most of their views included ideas of prohibition, protests, and finding a replacement for hard liquor.

Conclusion:

Prohibition, protests, and a replacement for hard liquor were ideas that the public focused on during the Progressive Era,often calling for government action, so that they could better the health and security of what goes into, and happens to people.Prohibition forced people to drink healthier drinks and have a healthier lifestyle, which led to boom in healthier people. Soft drinks and Coca-Cola especially helped improve the innovations toward marketing, advertising, and the entertainment of Americans, and Americans made major advancements during this time. Mary Jones was known as a mother to children and “boys” she led in strikes, she devoted her life to the health and safety of everyone she led on independent strikes.Overall, these ideas for a better society had a positive effect and improved the human mind and body during the Progressive Era.

Mother Jane relates to Progressivisim

During my research on Mary Jones every article started off with her family passing away from the yellow fever, and it seems to look like if her family didn't pass away, would she still have led many people into success of overcoming multiple achievements. Mary Jones ended up getting a nickname as Mother, Mother Jones. She got this nickname from several union members and newspapers since she was practically a mother to multiple infant organizations and many "boys" in trouble. 

Mother Jones

Mother Jones relates to progressivism through all of the strikes she has led. Jones is known for the labor movements that have changed many workers lives such as coal miners, woman, children, and many more. A certain newspaper written called The white haired woman described mother Jones as the most dangerous woman in america, for her ability to strut large scale businesses in the name of workers rights." She thought it was necessary to fight because working people did not get the justice that they should receive. throughout her whole life she inspired strikes to endure harsh condition and fight for what they believe in. a certain example of an inspiring situation is when mother jones at the age of 76 led, in front of 10,000 coal miners, a strike to help out their tough living situation. Jones has done it for multiple situations in 1903 she led a group of striking child textile workers on a march from Pennsylvania to New York City, she was able to bring attentions to tragedies of child labor!

Mother Jones and the children that she led on multiple strikes

Mother Jones has been arrested, detained, and forcibly removed from many states, but it still never stops her. she is always there for strikes and tries to help. In many news articles, mother Jones is known as "one of the most unique and picturesque characters in the country, she has a wider acceptance among the working people than any other labor advocate, she has talked and traveled in the interest of the unions for more then thirty years" Mary Jones or in other words Mother Jones has inspired society to stand up for what they believe in and to do something about it.

A famous picture of Mother Jones leading a strike, front row and center. Standing up for workers that aren't getting payed enough

Reflection

This quarter i believe that i have done better then last year. I know i can improve on the multiple choice and essay questions with more studying and i can really focus on the topics that we learned this quarter. I really liked watching the different documentaries in this class, they were very interesting, especially the Eddie Alkali and i how i learned about the Hawaiian culture and history. the political cartoons also really interested me, they were very funny! The predictions in the future from over 100 years ago was really cool to study, who knew that what people thought could happen was actually invented.

Progressive Era

1. I define progress as working hard until you reach your goal and the farther you go the more you've achieved.

2. The progressive era is the period in time that the social activist and political reform of the united states flourished, from the 1890- 1920's.

3. A few examples of issues and actions or achievement that were associated with the progressive era are people wanted to vote, fight political corruption and let the voting public decidede how issues should be addresses. Achievements were the outlawing of transport of alcohol and right to let women vote.Providing jobs for so many people was a major issue that could make more poverty.

4. Major Goals:
Protecting Social Welfare
Economic Reform
Economic Efficiency
Promoting Moral Improvement
Votes for women
Temperance/ prohibition
destruction of urban "political machine"
election of senators
"Americanization" of immigrants
All of these goals were to help america become better then other countries.

Essential Goals, Good Goals, Strange Goals, Bad Ideas
1. Voting for women
2. Economic efficiency
3. Temperance/ prohibition
4.Americanization of immigrants

Predictions

1.100 years ago people made predictions of what they thought our world be like today. People predicted electric scrubbing, flying policeman, learning with an electric hat connected to an wire, robots helping girl multi task, and even croquet underwater. An interesting prediction was that whales would be trained to carry people underwater, as if people could breathe regularly in the deep ocean. Many movies involve predictions of our future, many super power movies, Wall-e, Back to the future, even more. everyone had had their own thoughts about what is going to happen in the next couple decades.

2. Many of the predictions were wishes, wishes to help their task or jobs become easier. when people predicted the  future they predicted what they thought could be possible, a lot of stuff i found was on flying cars and technology. an example would be cell phones, which we have today but it was an necessity to have since it helped with business and keeping in contact with old friends.

3. There were many predictions that ended up being true. Cell phones, Robots, Wings that help people fly (Han-gliders), even the prediction of people being taller. Now-a-days we have people that are over 7 feet, they even have a show on them. When predictions are first made it sounds like the most bizarre thing when black and white TV was a thing many people predicted that color TV would come out and yet it did, then there came 3D and Imax which many people did predict.

4. looking at all of the articles the trend of technologies have appeared throughout, it seems that many believed in electronic objects that could help improve ones life. Many concerns that they seem focused on is health and achievements that could be is money. many people seem to be focused on something that could improve their lives or risk of injuries to solve.

5. In the future i predict that people will have superpowers like the movies, i also think that scientist will figure out a way to save endangered species,new medicines for diseases, remote controlled closets, holograms, and even shoes that can help you fly. Most of all i want our future to hold the invention of flying cars and time machines!

6. As an Individual i feel like we have a lot of control over our future. We are able to give suggestions to new technologies to new foods and new abilities. Many scientist do study this stuff to try and make a better living or more intense ways. predictions have been made for new medicine to help sicknesses that maybe no one believes can be fixed. As groups i feel our government is in control of most things but they do get a ton of feedback for new ideas, it is their job to help our world and to listen to what we, as individuals say. if we are not in control i have no idea who is, i can imagine that our government would be but who would they be listening to.

How do you analyze a political cartoon?

1. I already knew that political cartoons were images and text on a social issue that could contain a political person or issue. What i didn't know is that the people that create the images are trying to persuade you into believing a different point of a problem, i also did not know that when objects are labeled in a picture it will help explain the image and the symbols. To analyze an political cartoon the artist can compare 2 things that are not alike to prove a point or a type of way the caricature looks, as if he were to be yawning it could mean that he is really tired, or if he were to look like he is yelling it could mean the person is infuriated.

2.I will look at political cartoons by the way they look and what some of the words say. My method would be to look at the whole picture starting off, then i would look specifically at the words and expressions and ease my way into looking at the seperate objects. once that is all complete i will try to guess on how i see this cartoon and if i am actually right..

Spanish American War
this political cartoon is describing the open door policy. the person wearing all american colors in the middle is supposed to be Uncle Sam, the expression on his face shows that he won its like a little smirk, just to prove that he is in the lead Written on the key is american diplomacy, i believe that this image literally shows .Hays taking over china and other people maybe from different nations are trying to get in

Philippine Conflict
.This political cartoon seems to represent uncle Sam chasing a Filipino, it looks like multiple soldier on the Europe side are watching the chase to see who wins and receives the Philippines.

The cartoon seems to be the Filipino's as an animal yelling out WAR in capitol letters, to show that they are also strong. Uncle Sam looks like he is frightened from the big expression and aggressiveness that this animal has. The caption of this picture is "the critter barks and wags at the same time, which end of him is lying."

Hawaiian, The Legend of Eddie Aikau

I believe that when the filmmakers named this film Hawaiian, the legend of Eddie Aikau, they wanted people to look at this documentary as a reservation of the Hawaiian culture, and how this one man could change how people looked at Hawaii. The topic in this documentary was Eddie Aikau, the focus was the Hawaiians that identified a surfing career of Eddie Aikau, and the angle was argued, that Eddie Aikau worked hard to sustain Hawaiian culture, and brought honor to his family and ancestors through his courageous actions. This documentary was made as part of ESPN's programming because surfing was a huge sport in Hawaii, many of the competitions that were showed are still happening today, so it could've been an example of different competitions going on in different parts of the US. If this film was made by PBS or the history channel it would've been more factual, more dramatic, and definitely more focused on Hawaiian culture.

This documentary was mainly focused on Eddies fight, Hawaiian culture, the ocean, surfing, family, ancestors, Eddie's passion, community, and pride.

Phrenology Head

Today in class we looked at a head that was made by L.N Fowler, a head that specifically shows phrenology. Phrenology is defined as the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities. Looking up information on this head we figured out that it was not an artifact and that it has been made in many places specifically in Oregon. Provenance is the place of origin or earliest known history, which is what we did in class, we looked up where this object came from, who made it, how they made it, and if it was an original. the type of research that most of our class did to find this object was to look up phrenology and L.N. Fowler, We all lead on from there after we got a small explanation of it. This head is not used as much in the world today, because no one can really tell if its true or not, or if the signs of symptoms and different emotions actually happen in that area.
.